改性木材硫酸盐木质素制备染料分散剂的研究

以松木硫酸盐木质素为原料合成染料分散剂。硫酸盐木质素经亚硫酸盐磺化或亚硫酸盐一甲醛磺甲基化后，再用环氧氯丙烷将部分酚羟基封闭，同时使木质素分子间交联，得到改性木质素染料分散剂。研究了磺化时间、磺化剂用量等因素对木质素磺化度、木质素染料分散剂热稳定性及分散性的影响。确定了适宜的反应条件，以每克木质素为基准，磺化反应：Na2SO3用量1．3mmol，反应时间3h，反应温度160℃；磺甲基化反应：Na2SO3用量1．3mmol，甲醛／亚硫酸钠摩尔比为O．8：1，反应时间3h，反应温度140℃。     

Effects of clay on the dispersibility of cement paste mixed with polycarboxylate superplasticizer

To reveal the effect of clay on the dispersibility of polycarboxylate superplasticizer(PC), the fluidity and viscosity of cement paste are chosen as performance indexes to study the effect of clay on the rheological properties of cement paste mixed with PC. The influence of filtrate of clay on molecular structure and the regularity of adsorption of PC on the surface of clay particles in alkaline environment are also analyzed by IR and UV. The results show that PC has no dispersing effect on the cement paste when clay content reaches to 15%. Increasing the dosage of PC can reduce the negative impact of clay. The filtrate of clay can’t change the molecular structure of PC and doesn’t affect the dispersibility of PC. In simulated alkaline environment (saturated solution of calcium hydroxide), the adsorption speed of clay on PC is rapid, whose adsorption capacity of clay on PC is about 4 times of cement’s, and clay will have been reached its equilibrium adsorption amount in the initial period (within 6 min).     

Impact of Molecular Structure of Polycarboxylate Based Superplasticizer on Hydration Behavior of C3S

Isothermal calorimeter, thermal analysis and scanning electron microscope were employed to investigate the impact of 3 polycarboxylate based superplasticizers (PCs) on the hydration behavior of tricalcium silicate (C3S). In addition, adsorption isotherm was measured by total organic carbon. The results indicate that PCs extends the induction period of C3S. Initial hydration process of C3S is markedly retarded, whereas acceleration is observed in the period of 28 d. And it is found that PC1, with maleic anhydride for its main chain, has the strongest retardation effect. The majority of the copolymer dispersants is remained in the pore solution. Moreover, linear relationship between the content of COO- and its retardation effect is established. Accordingly it is presumed that the critical supersaturation with respect to portlandite can be expected to have a profound impact because of the addition of PCs.     

常见市售助剂在4％烟嘧磺隆可分散油悬浮剂加工中的应用性能

[目的]明确市售植物油类可分散油悬浮剂乳化分散剂的应用性能。[方法]选择6种不同厂家的助剂产品,测定其对大豆油的乳化效果及对烟嘧磺隆原药的分散稳定性等,并以大豆油为载体加工了4%烟嘧磺隆可分散油悬浮剂样品,测定样品的乳化分散性、乳液稳定性、黏度、粒径、Zeta电位、贮存析油量等指标。[结果]不同厂家的助剂加工的4%烟嘧磺隆可分散油悬浮剂主要在乳液稳定性、黏度、贮存析油量方面差别较大。[结论]配方筛选时,可根据所加工的农药品种及载体种类选择对载体及制剂乳化性能好、对原药分散性能好的助剂,通过合理的组分搭配加工出性能较好的产品。     

新型固体醇燃料研究

研究了两步法制备新型固体醇燃料的工艺,详细讨论了各种影响因素,确定了最佳工艺条件：反应温度为70℃,固体醇燃料的化学组分分别为分散剂1.30%,硬脂酸4.76%,NaOH0.62%,工业乙醇90.73%,蒸馏水2.59%。制得的固体醇燃料的熔点为52℃,热值为-28.47kJ/g,火焰最高温度为718℃,其燃烧时不产生黑烟和有害气体,对环境友好。由燃烧实验得到固体醇燃料的燃烧速率方程,从而揭示了固体醇燃料的定量燃烧规律。     

木质素磺酸钠与聚羧酸减水剂复配研究

通过氧化、磺甲基化改性造纸黑液制取木质素磺酸钠(SLS),磺化度为1.023 7 mmol/L,重均相对分子质量(M_w)为26 320;将SLS与聚羧酸高效减水剂(PCE)按一定比例复配制备复合减水剂,SLS质量分数为10%、20%、30%和40%时,分别制得复合减水剂BPCE1~BPCE4。复合减水剂对水泥颗粒表面吸附层厚度和水泥浆Zeta电位分析表明:吸附层厚度随SLS质量分数增加而增加,水泥浆Zeta电位在SLS质量分数为20%时显示出绝对值最大。采用复配木质素磺酸钠的复合聚羧酸减水剂制备混凝土,复合减水剂掺量0.18%、SLS总掺量1%。通过净浆流动度、胶砂流动度、泌水率、减水率、混凝土抗压强度等指标对复合减水剂进行综合性能分析。结果表明:含20%SLS的复合聚羧酸减水剂BPCE2减水剂综合性能最佳。     

阳离子型分散松香施胶剂HPCRZ的研究

自德国的Illig发明松香皂-铝矾的施胶体系以来,纸张的浆内施胶和松香用作施胶剂已有近200年历史,虽然解决了纸张“洇水”的问题,但同时由于在酸性条件下施胶,也带来了成纸耐久性差、设备腐蚀较严重等问题(Kulick,1977;陈蕴智等,2001)。近些年,由于中碱性造纸与酸性造纸相比较具     

聚羧酸盐和聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯分散剂复配体系对戊唑醇水悬浮剂分散稳定性的影响

聚羧酸盐和聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯分散剂复配体系有利于提高农药水悬浮剂的物理稳定性。本研究选用430 g/L戊唑醇水悬浮剂 (SC) 作为研究对象，研究了聚羧酸盐分散剂850和聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯分散剂601p复配体系的胶束流体动力学直径以及对戊唑醇SC黏度、Zeta电势、比吸光度和流变性质的影响。结果显示:单独用601p制备的戊唑醇SC的分散稳定性要高于单独用850制备的，而用两者复配体系制备的戊唑醇SC的稳定性明显高于用单一分散剂制备的。进一步研究发现，分散剂的复配比例对戊唑醇SC的物理稳定性也有不同影响，其中当m(850) : m(601p) = 1 : 1时，复配分散剂的胶束动力学直径不再变化，制得的戊唑醇SC分散稳定性最好，表现为黏度相对较小，Zeta电势为 –40.8 mV。     

新型固体醇燃料研究

研究了两步法制备新型固体醇燃料的工艺,详细讨论了各种影响因素,确定了最佳工艺条件:反应温度为70℃,固体醇燃料的化学组分分别为分散剂1.30%,硬脂酸4.76%,NaOH0.62%,工业乙醇90.73%,蒸馏水2.59%。制得的固体醇燃料的熔点为52℃,热值为-28.47kJ/g,火焰最高温度为718℃,其燃烧时不产生黑烟和有害气体,对环境友好。由燃烧实验得到固体醇燃料的燃烧速率方程,从而揭示了固体醇燃料的定量燃烧规律。     

30%吡蚜酮悬浮分散剂的制备及性能研究

以过硫酸铵为引发剂,在水体系中合成了烯丙醇聚氧乙烯醚、马来酸酐、烯丙基磺酸钠的共聚物WELL-313,研究了聚合反应工艺,确定了反应条件和工艺参数。应用制备的聚羧酸盐分散剂WELL-313搭配WELL-318,按照吡蚜酮悬浮剂的标准进行30%吡蚜酮悬浮分散剂的制备,结果表明所制备的分散剂能够提高制剂的分散性、悬浮率、稳定性等,而且对原药品种有很强的适用性。